[Jewish-Renewal] [Fwd: Israeli Jewish-renewal report on Bedouin inside Isrsel]
Debra M. Schwartz
jewish-renewal@mailman.hens-teeth.net
Mon, 24 Mar 2003 10:10:52 -0600
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Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 09:25:16 EST
Subject: Israeli Jewish-renewal report on Bedouin inside Isrsel
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Dear Chevra,
I am sending you, in this OFF-LIST letter, a report by a Jewish-renewal
stalwart in Israel, Devorah Brous, about what is happening in the lives of
Bedouin communities. Her report is about Bedouin CITIZENS of Israel, living
inside the Green Line, who serve in the Israeli Army.
Devorah is the cofounder of the Old City/Jerusalem Friday noontime
multireligious prayer circle for peace, and the synthesis of her prayer
center, her practice of vigorous compassion and direct hands-on help to the
Bedouin, and her political analysis seem to me to cry out for our attention
and support. She is the founder of Bustan Shalom.
Her report follows.
Shalom, Arthur
*********************************
Bustan is a grassroots partnership addressing the plight of
marginalized people in Israel/Palestine. Bustan works with citizens denied
access to public resources and promotes social and environmental justice -
helping people to help themselves.
# Negev Development Plan will Displace Bedouin
# Bedouin Mosque Destroyed, February 2003
# Bedouin Homes Demolished, March 2003
# Bedouin Crops Sprayed with Toxic Chemicals, March 2003
# Bustan Responds: Help Build a Medical Clinic at Wadi Na'am
Village, April 18-25th 2003 (during Pesach, Easter, Earth Day)
Unrecognized Villages within the Green Line are not on the map of Israel.
Some 68,000 indigenous Negev Bedouin citizens from 46 Unrecognized Villages
are denied rudimentary services such as health care, electricity, access
roads, sewage, schools or adequate water provision. In many cases, these
marginalized villagers are living next to municipal dump sites, military
zones, polluting factories, or (in the case of Wadi Na'am) a toxic waste
incinerator.
"Indigenous peoples are invariably looked upon as marauders, or encroachers
by government agencies..." "This often occurs to very poor and marginalized
groups with little or no access to basic resources."
It has been frequently stated, that the State of Israel has enough outside
problems without making enemies of its own citizens. A democracy is
predicated on providing equal rights to its citizens, including the
indigenous citizens. The Bedouin (among other ethnic minorities) are not
granted equal rights in Israel. This raises the question of the integrity of
Israel's democracy. Professor Oren Yiftachel suggests the term "Ethnocracy"
is more appropriate in describing Israel, than democracy. The term stems
from a merger of the two concepts: ethnicity and democracy, and more aptly
depicts Israel's unconventional system where the State's hegemony is owned,
and controlled by its ethnic Jewish majority. Israel is not a purveyor of
equal rights to all of its citizens, and the state is not ethnically
neutral, especially during wartime. Arab citizens remain outside the
society's boundaries and prevented from fulfilling citizenship obligations
such as military service, and thus, economically deprived of their land,
welfare, jobs, and housing. Jewish citizens are deprived of security, living
in fear, with no end to terror in sight. With war continuously looming in
and around the State and the region, it is imperative to dig deeper, to read
between the lines and examine the causal roots of conflict.
In the Middle East ethnicity has long been privatized, resulting with severe
systemic discrimination and exploitation of minority factions. There is a
tremendous social and economic gap that has been amplified over the years in
Israel. For example, in the Negev many of the indigenous Bedouin have no
clean water to drink, but their Jewish neighbors are able to drink, to
shower, to water their grassy lawns, public parks and gardens, or swim in
private swimming pools. Further, according to researchers Harvey Lithwick
and Ismael Abu Sa'ad, "Even those Bedouin demonstrably loyal to the state,
(i.e. Bedouin trackers who serve with distinction in the army), return home
to face dismal job prospects" and have begun to realize they do not have
access to the same rights as citizens, or the same privileges as their
counterpart Jewish soldiers. This gap has prompted growing resentment toward
Israel among the Bedouin. A consequent sharp increase in crime among Bedouin
youth has generated strong animosity toward the Bedouin among many Israeli
Jews. According to Lithwick, Israeli planning and development policies have
"transformed a once supportive community whose fathers and sons served nobly
in the IDF, to one that identifies increasingly with those who reject its
very existence. It is rapidly turning its friends into enemies, once willing
nationals into increasingly strident nationalists." The increasing
frustration for Israel's policies of containment and discrimination they
face is likely to turn violent if significant policy changes are not made in
the near future.
Eight villages have been recognized officially since 1994, though the
government has yet to provide amenities and infrastructure. If there is a
change in Israeli policy, the clash between Israel and the Bedouin may be
avoided. Israel is eager to limit the population growth of the Bedouin
(which is 3 times higher than the Jewish population), due to a viable
demographic threat. Based on current birth rates in Israeli and Palestinian
sectors, expert demographers predict a Palestinian majority as early as
2020. Zionists fear becoming a demographic minority in the state of Israel.
However, tne mechanisms for Israeli planners and policy makers to address
this fear is not very democratic: the aim is to control the maximum amount
of land for Jewish use, with the minimum responsibility for the Arab
population. It is this mindset that engineers house demolitions, crop
destruction, land confiscation, and unequal distribution of resources. It is
this mindset that is often overlooked when striving to understand the
perpetual acts of terror fiercely claiming the lives of civilians.
Development, Demolition, Destruction
It has been a terribly destructive time in Israel/Palestine. The death tolls
and unemployment rates are perpetually climbing. Most Palestinians are
living on $2/day. Many Israeli shops in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem are closed,
there are not many tourists. Some 78 Palestinians were killed over the last
month. The jolting Haifa homicide bombing claimed the lives of yet another
17. This was the first bombing in several months, a time lapse just long
enough for the syncopated rhythm of life in this torn land to take on a beat
of normalcy.
Clearly, Sharon's military solution in expanding the Occupation
is not helping abate terror. Emergency supply kits, duct taped entrances,
and gas masks don't keep people safe from conventional terror attacks, don't
keep homes or fields safe from bulldozers, and don't keep people from living
in perpetual fear. Terror is not external, it is internal, it grows inside
hearts of people living in despairing conditions.
This month seventeen homes were demolished in the Palestinian Israeli town
Kfar Kassem and countless others in Beit Hanina and Jabal Mukaber, however,
this update will specifically focus on how the new Sharon government has
impacted the Bedouin in Israel. In February 2003, officials from the
Ministry of Interior razed a mosque in the unrecognized Bedouin village of
Tel al Milah based on claims that it was an unlicensed building.
According to Bedouin MK Taleb Sanaa, "This is the first incident of damage to
a holy place and the dignity of Muslim residents of the Negev."
On March 3rd, in the unrecognized Bedouin village of Abda, crops were sprayed
with toxic
chemicals. On March 4th, there were 3 Jahalin Bedouin houses demolished
leaving 47 people homeless. The Jahalin are currently rebuilding tin
shanties with zinc roofs in the Atarot area. While demolitions are often
clumped together by the media for simple packaging with a pretty bow wrapped
around "SECURITY," a distinction must be made clear between the punitive act
of demolition for administrative purposes (for not obtaining a building
permit) or demolition as an act of revenge to the families of terrorists.
As
non-terrorist Palestinian Arabs and Bedouin in most areas are not entitled
to building permits, subsequently, all construction is unlicensed--deemed
illegal and a target for demolition. These examples evidence that land
confiscation and housing demolition are no longer restricted to the Occupied
Territories. Same pain, different villages. Same story, different names.
If you pick up the newspaper and read about the isolated event of Israel
Land Authority (ILA) planes spraying Bedouin fields with toxic chemicals,
and this information is crammed into a dense page reporting on political,
military, and religious leaders plunging the world deeper into war
preparations, what we don't learn is how to examine the causal roots of
conflict. For the scorekeepers that watch ethnic conflict like a sports
competition, there are more numbers of victims, more numbers of houses
demolished, more families shattered this month than last. While fed numbers,
and fear, and hate, many are left hungry: starving for contextual analysis,
and food.
The plight of the Bedouin allows for an examination of an aspect of the
Israeli-Palestinian conflict that is not adequately covered. This update is
not intended to minimize or delegitimize other aspects of the conflict, it
is simply an attempt to focus with a microscopic lens on one aspect that
enables the seemingly interminable conflict: systemic discrimination.
It appears these repressive measures could mark the onset of the Negev
Development Plan wherein residential, grazing, and agricultural Bedouin land
currently in use will be claimed by the government and converted into some
14 Jewish neighborhoods (MK Avigdor Lieberman's plan) and 30 single-family
farms, to alter the demographics in the Negev, and "Judaize" the area.
What
follows is information and analysis from advocacy groups in Israel about the
Negev Development Plan, and other acts of containment by the Israeli
government. All have occurred over the past two months since the formation
of the new right wing coalition in Israel. This is followed by Bustan's
response, the Medwed Project in April.
Negev Development Plan
At the beginning of the year, the Israeli government revealed the budget of
395 million NIS, ($1 million) and a 5-year timeframe for implementing a plan
to remove the remaining indigenous Bedouin living in unrecognized villages
from their land and concentrate them into Townships. (All government
townships are dysfunctional, and are thought of as a national disgrace.)
According to Tsahar Rotem (Ha'aretz) the Negev Plan was formulated without
any input by the Bedouin and is not acceptable to their leaders.
The following information is paraphrased from the Regional Council for the
Unrecognized Villages (RCUV). Sharon's government is in the process of
reviewing the proposed 5-Year Negev Development Plan.
This Plan is a
comprehensive strategy to remove the Bedouin of the Unrecognized Villages
from their land and concentrate them into townships. The Plan includes funds
to restart a legal process, suspended in 1976, to settle all outstanding
Bedouin land claims. (No Bedouin has ever won a land claim to any of the
more than 3,000 lawsuits filed over the past several decades.)
The Plan's
judicial framework includes the hiring of lawyers to defend state claims of
illegal land use, the expansion of the paramilitary police force that
patrols the Negev (Green Patrol).
The plan's main points are as follows:
1. Ministry of Justice, ILA, Green Patrol and the Bedouin Authority will
work together to settle all outstanding Bedouin land claims, and to identify
land as 'State Land' by appealing through Israeli courts with claims the
land is government property. This places the burden of proof on Bedouin land
claims on Bedouin landowners, most of whom do not hold land title that is
recognized by the Israeli courts. (No Bedouin has ever won a land claim to
any of the more than 3,000 lawsuits filed over the past several decades.)
2. Once the land is confiscated, it has been proposed that the National
Planning Council and the Regional Councils of Ramat Hovav and B'nai Shimon
distribute land from the Unrecognized Villages to 30 single-family farms.
These lands will be allocated to Jews only, which would include areas well
beyond their municipal authorizations.
3. Funds have been allocated for compensation to the Bedouin through the
ILA. Unrecognized Villagers will be moved into 7 recognized townships, and
local municipalities will be established for the townships.
According to Mossawa Center analysis, the government's proposed budget for
the "Negev Development Plan," would enable the government to carry out the
proposed "Public Land Law: Removal of Intruders." Mossawa Center writes,
"While the Bedouins suffer the highest infant mortality rate in Israel, only
2.5 million shekels of this funding will address their health needs."
Bedouin Mosque Demolished: First Manifestation of So-Called Negev
Development Plan?
Excerpts from the Mossawa Center Press Release
In response to the destruction of a mosque in the Negev Desert, the Mossawa
Center demands the Israeli Interior Ministry halt planned demolitions in the
Negev. On February 5, at 6:00 AM, government inspectors razed the mosque
after most residents had left for work and before Bedouin representatives
could appeal the demolition order. The residents of Tel al Milah themselves
pooled the 100,000 shekels necessary to build their mosque. Despite
comprising 20% of Israel's population, the Arab minority receives just 2% of
the Ministry of Religious Affairs' budget. The demolition of Tel al Milah's
only mosque represents the first incident of destruction of a Muslim holy
place in the Negev.
The demolition of Tel al Milah's mosque may represent the first
manifestation of several parallel initiatives by the government to affect
the rapid transfer of Bedouins from the Negev Desert through new development
and settlement plans. The first of these initiatives, a law submitted by the
government to the Knesset on November 11th, 2002, calls for the transfer of
70,000 Bedouins from unrecognized villages into 7 existent townships. A
recently proposed development plan will allocate funds to implement the
government's transfer program. The final phase of the displacement process
will involve the settlement of Jewish families throughout the Negev. These
transfer initiatives are certain to damage relations between the
Arab-Bedouin community and the government.
Like half of Israel's Bedouin population, the 3,000 residents of Tel al
Milah reside in villages not legally recognized by the Israeli government.
During the mandate period, British land surveyors did not formally register
lands in the Negev; after the creation of the state, the Israeli government
designated all such land for agricultural and military purposes, deeming
existing settlements retroactively 'illegal'. Over the years, the other half
of Israel's Bedouins have concentrated in 7 impoverished townships in the
Beer Sheva region, via a process of sedentarisation. Approximately 90% of
Israel's Bedouin population, which comprises 12% of Israel's Arab
population, now engages in wage labor (as compared with 90% employment in
agricultural work in 1948).
The Bedouin citizenry of Israel have long suffered sub-standard services
from the government. The Mossawa Center asserts that as citizens of Israel,
the Bedouins of the Negev are entitled to equal treatment. These citizens
require infrastructure in the form of proper sanitation, schools, and roads
-- not the threat of demolition of their homes, or transfer of their
communities.
Mossawa Center, in cooperation with the Regional Council for Unrecognized
Negev Arab Villages and fifteen Jewish and Arab organizations, has formed a
coalition to confront the government's Negev demolition and transfer plan.
This coalition will: analyze the legal and economic implications of the
transfer program; lobby the Knesset; assist domestic media in keeping
abreast of developments; conduct international advocacy; and organize
community members.
For more information, contact Mossawa Center: mosawa@rannet.com or refer to
The Christian Science Monitor, "In Israel's Desert, A Fight For Land" Ben
Lynfield, February 20th, 2003.
State Sprays Toxic Chemicals From Planes Onto Unrecognized Village, RCUV,
ALERT: March 6, 2003/
On 3 March 2003, the Israel Lands Administration (ILA), which controls most
of the land inside Israel (including land expropriated from Palestinian
refugees), destroyed more than 2000 dunams (500 acres) of crops belonging to
residents of the unrecognized Bedouin village of Abda located in the Negev.
During the operation, toxic chemicals were sprayed on the crops, including
land where men, women and children were working in their fields.
This is the
second time in a year that the ILA has used toxic chemicals to destroy
Bedouin crops in the Negev. The destruction of the crops is another example
of a consistent pattern of gross violations of the basic human right to
property committed by the government of Israel against the indigenous
Palestinian Bedouin community.
On March 3rd, without prior warning, two airplanes belonging to the ILA
accompanied by a large number of police forces and Green Patrol (a division
of the military police dealing with the Negev) members sprayed toxic
chemicals on houses and on more than 2000 dunams (500 acres) of crops
belonging to the residents of Abda, an unrecognized village in the Negev.
Labad Tasan, the head of Abda's Local Village Committee said elderly people
and children who were in the fields were also sprayed. The children started
panicking, and suffered from trauma because they believed that a war had
started and chemical weapons were being used against them.
Village residents
immediately evacuated those children to closest clinic at Mitzpe Ramon (a
nearby Jewish locality), but the doctor refused to receive them until the
RCUV Vice President contacted the Ministry of Health and the head of a
health maintenance organization. The RCUV sent an urgent letter to the
Health Ministry requiring an official investigation into the matter.
Jaber Abu Kaff, the RCUV President who visited those children at the clinic,
said that spraying the crops with chemicals at Abda village is a barbaric,
inhuman and immoral act and emphasized that Sharon's new government is
proceeding with its plan "to try to uproot us from our fathers' and
grandfathers' land. But we will stay in our land as long as we are alive and
we urge all those people with a live conscience to stand with us."
This measure of crop spraying has been used once before in the Negev, on the
15th of February 2002. As part of the Israeli government's policy of
confiscating, uprooting and resettling the Bedouins into townships, it was
used against the residents of 10 unrecognized villages (with a population of
20,000 Israeli citizens).
Abda was recognized in 1992 after a 6-months period of sit-ins, in front of
the Knesset (the Israeli Parliament). Though it is recognized, until today,
Abda's residents do not enjoy the benefit of this recognition: lacking all
kinds of municipal infrastructure from water, electricity, access roads,
health care, education, etc.
This recognition is within the governmental plan vision to convert the
surrounding area into a National Park, which will include the historical
Abda village because it has Nabatean monuments. The residents of Abda were
transferred out of their village and today they are living around 4 km from
their historical village. This recognition came as part of tourist
attraction for this National Park.
Background
Abda was 'formally' recognized by the Israeli government in 1992 after a
6-month sit-in, in front of the Knesset (the Israeli parliament). Despite
formal recognition, Abda's residents continue to lack municipal
infrastructure, including water, electricity, access roads, health care,
education, etc., like all other unrecognized villages. Formal Recognition
came as part of a government plan to attract tourists and transform the
surrounding area, including the original village site of Abda, into a
national park due to the presence of Nabatean ruins. Residents of Abda were
expelled from the village and today live some 4 km from the village site.
For more information, contact RCUV, <http://www.arabhra.org/rcuv/index.htm>.
BUSTAN Responds: MEDWED Project
It is within this context that Bustan is working with Bedouin villagers from
Wadi Na'am, on a week long work camp during Passover, Easter, and Earth Day
2003. We are trying a new approach in an old battlefield.
Wadi Na'am, a village of 4,000, south of Beer Sheva, is a conglomeration of
shanty encampments near a military fire-zone, an electric plant, an
oil-drilling site and the Ramat Hovav hazardous waste dump. The village is
not linked to the national electricity grid. Its insufficient water
pipelines frequently break down, and there is no sewage system or trash
removal. Unemployment is currently around 60 percent. Building permits are
routinely denied and housing demolitions commonplace. While the Bedouin of
Wadi Na'am are citizens of the state of Israel and some serve in the Israeli
army, they are seen as `squatters' on state land, and therefore do not have
adequate medical services or other amenities. They suffer from high rates of
miscarriage, heart disease, and sunstroke, as well as skin cancer, and
asthma among the children.
Despite the hazardous living conditions, Wadi Na'am villagers have no place
else to live, and do not want to be uprooted from their homes and forced to
relinquish their land again to be transferred into a government township
slum. The villagers choose to remain on this plot of land. Therefore, Bustan
has built a growing coalition including ICAHD, Shatil, the Association of
Forty, Albadia, the Galilee Society, Rabbis for Human Rights, and Builders
Without Borders to construct a medical clinic in the village. We will
provide a hands-on training using accessible and affordable straw-bale
construction materials during a 6-day work camp (scheduled for April
18th-April 25th, 2003). The clinic will meet the building standards of the
Ministry of Health. It will be administered by villagers, and staffed by
volunteer doctors, and nurses. This proactive approach in helping the
government provide services to its citizens is preferable to continued
protests against the government.
Medwed Project Objectives
1. Our primary objective involves galvanizing the local community to build a
medical clinic in Wadi Na'am, providing basic health care to these Israeli
citizens. The clinic will be solar-powered, as there is no electricity in
the unrecognized villages.
2. To promote sustainable community development by providing training in
eco-building.
3. To catalyze a review of the allocation of public resources in the Negev.
BUILDING, PLANTING, PAINTING: PLEASE JOIN US IN APRIL
Bustan invites people of all traditions: human rights activists, appropriate
technology engineers, green builders, musicians, artists, environmental
lawyers, organic farmers, alternative practitioners, peace educators, and
writers to join us to train and be trained by indigenous Bedouin and local
Israelis in alternative building techniques.
During a 6-day work camp,
volunteers and the community of Wadi Na'am will build the medical clinic.
Workshops will be held for children and families. Lectures about
unrecognized villages, sustainability, and Bedouin culture will combine
modern information with ancient wisdom. Additional information about
registration is available on the Bustan website:
<http://www.bustanlshalom.org>. We are in need of assistance to help make
this critical initiative a success. Please join us.
Mobilize to learn, teach, build, plant, paint with the villagers. Overseas
volunteers are requested to pay $800, as a contribution toward the
sustainability of the medical clinic. This sum will cover the eco-building
training, all program activities, accommodation, transportation,
translators, reading materials and two meals daily. It does not cover
international airfare, health insurance, and personal expenses.
Participants will be scheduled at various construction tasks from 8AM to
12PM, and from 2PM-5PM, working with the community of Wadi Na'am to build
the Medwed clinic as part of an extended training workshop. There will be a
comprehensive lecture series offered from leading Jewish and Bedouin
professors, doctors, and indigenous rights activists and Israeli government
authorities ranging from the macro to the micro issues. Lecturers will
present on the Negev Development Plan; Ramat Hovav; Bedouin History,
Tradition, and Culture; and the Bridge between Sustainable Development and
Human Rights. A children's tent will be organized, hosting a range of
artistic and ecological activities throughout the week. Blue prints of the
clinic are available on the website, and a detailed work plan will be
available in the coming days.
The clash between Bedouin and the authorities will inevitably amplify into a
raging confrontation as Bedouin political awareness and lack of strong
identification as they continue to see themselves as a fifth column. If
urgent government measures were adopted to provide employment and
empowerment and services to counteract disease, poverty, drug abuse, and
alienation that the Bedouins of the Negev experience, Bedouin could be
recognized as citizens with equal rights, not a fifth column posing a threat
to Israel's hegemony over State Lands.
Clearing Bedouin off land to be
replaced by Jewish leasees is blatant discrimination. If Israel continues to
promote such policies in the name of security, we should all be well aware
this is not a democratic garden in the dry desert of Middle East
dictatorships, it is an ethnocratic government. However, critique of
Israel's ethnocracy should not preclude critique of Arab dictators, systemic
discrimination to ethnic minorities, rampant corruption and human rights
abuses. It is a subject which is simply beyond the scope of this email.
Bustan's MEDWED project is part of a campaign to recognize the unrecognized
villages and provide basic amenities to Israeli citizens. To date, all of
efforts of organizers, architects, researchers, and activists is entirely
voluntary. We raised just over of the budget from individuals during my
recent U.S. tour, and are eager to raise the remaining expenses to meet our
budget.
Both material and/or physical support for this project will
demonstrate to governments and organizations worldwide that vast sums of
money are not needed to meet a higher standard and provide basic amenities
for all citizens.
Please support this pioneer initiative as generously as
you possibly can. Tax-deductible US donations for Bustan will be most
gratefully received at:
Walking Stick Foundation
P.O. Box 309
Madison, NJ, 07940 USA
In Israel (not tax-deductible):
Bank Leumi, branch #785 Bustan Account # 16303/34
Please send an accompanying email to: bustanlshalom@yahoo.com
<mailto:deb2000@zahav.net.il>.
With your help Bustan will continue to make major impacts, with minimum
costs in places where the government and foreign aid agencies have not. It
is your support that will sustain hope.
Masalaam, Shalom
Devorah Brous
devorah@bustanlshalom.org
********************************************************************
P.S. Bustan has just received a generous donation of 60 lbs of sealed,
non-expired medical supplies from Heart to Heart International for the
MEDWED project. We are looking for a small delegation of people heading to
Israel/Palestine before May 2003, to contribute to this project by obtaining
these medical supplies from Kansas (by UPS) and transporting them to the
region in your luggage. If the supplies are dispersed and carried over by
several people, there will be no duty to incur at customs (and they won't be
too heavy). Please write to bustanlshalom@yahoo.com if you are able to help.
*********************************************************************
For more information, please review Bustan's new website:
<http://www.bustanlshalom.org.>
To receive updates from Bustan, please subscribe to:
Bustanlshalom-subscribe@yahoogroups.com
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